Job Profile: Operations Manager

Job Profile: Operations Manager

Job Profile: Operations Manager

Info: This profile details the function of the Operations Manager in the cannabis manufacturing sector, a role that integrates advanced production techniques with strict regulatory oversight to deliver consistent, high-quality consumer products.

Job Overview

The Operations Manager serves as the engine of a cannabis manufacturing facility, responsible for converting raw materials like cannabinoid distillates and isolates into finished consumer goods. This position requires the orchestration of complex processes, from product formulation and batching to automated filling and final packaging. The manager ensures that every stage of production achieves targets for efficiency, quality, and cost-effectiveness while maintaining absolute compliance with state-level regulations and current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). This role is pivotal in scaling production to meet market demand, driving profitability through process optimization, and building a high-performance culture on the production floor. Success is measured by the ability to consistently produce safe, accurately dosed products in a fast-paced, highly regulated environment.

Strategic Insight: An effective Operations Manager transforms the manufacturing floor from a cost center into a strategic asset. By mastering efficiency and compliance, this role directly enables brand growth and market leadership.

A Day in the Life

The day begins on the production floor, not in an office. The first order of business is leading the daily shift-start huddle with the production supervisors and team leads. The manager reviews the previous shift's Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), such as the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) of the vape cartridge filling line and the production volume from the gummy depositing machine. They discuss any deviations noted in the batch records and set clear production goals for the day, ensuring alignment across the team.

Following the huddle, the Operations Manager performs a Gemba walk through the facility. The first stop is the formulation suite, a controlled-environment room where technicians are precisely weighing THC distillate, terpenes, and carrier oils for a new tincture batch. The manager verifies that the technicians are following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for ingredient handling and that all balances are within their calibration dates. This focus on cleanliness and procedure is critical for product consistency. The next stop is the extraction refinement area to check on the progress of an ethanol winterization run, collaborating with the lead technician to identify any bottlenecks in the filtration process. This collaboration ensures smooth handoffs between the extraction and manufacturing departments.

Alert: An error in the batching stage, such as using an incorrect amount of THC distillate, can result in the loss of an entire production run worth tens of thousands of dollars and trigger a mandatory report to state regulators. Meticulous oversight is essential.

Midday involves a cross-functional meeting with the Quality Assurance and Supply Chain teams. The agenda includes reviewing the Certificate of Analysis (COA) for a recently received shipment of cannabis concentrate to ensure it meets specifications for potency and purity. The team also discusses the inventory levels of critical packaging components, like child-resistant closures and custom-printed boxes, to prevent a line stoppage. The Operations Manager uses this time for strategic communication, aligning production schedules with material availability and quality release timelines.

The afternoon is dedicated to process improvement and team development. The manager analyzes data from the automated packaging line, noticing a recurring fault that causes a 5% downtime. They initiate a root cause analysis with the maintenance and engineering teams to develop a permanent corrective action. Later, the manager conducts a one-on-one coaching session with a new production supervisor, reviewing their performance metrics and providing constructive feedback on team management and communication techniques. The day concludes with a final review of the seed-to-sale tracking system entries, ensuring every gram of cannabis material used and every finished product unit created is accurately logged for state compliance. This final check safeguards the facility's license to operate.


Core Responsibilities & Operational Impact

The Operations Manager's responsibilities are centered on three pillars of manufacturing excellence:

1. Production Management & Process Optimization

  • Production Scheduling: Developing and executing daily and weekly production plans to meet sales forecasts, balancing the efficient use of equipment and labor across multiple product lines (e.g., edibles, vapes, tinctures).
  • Efficiency and Throughput: Driving continuous improvement initiatives using lean manufacturing principles to increase output, reduce waste, and lower the cost per unit. This includes optimizing equipment changeover times and improving workflow.
  • Goal Setting and Performance Tracking: Establishing and monitoring KPIs for production, such as yield, cycle time, and right-first-time quality. Using this data to make informed decisions and report performance to senior leadership.

2. Leadership, Coaching & Cross-Functional Collaboration

  • Team Leadership and Coaching: Directly supervising, training, and mentoring production supervisors and team leads. Fostering a culture of accountability, safety, and quality ownership on the production floor.
  • Effective Communication: Serving as the central point of communication for the manufacturing department, ensuring that information flows seamlessly between shifts and among other departments like Quality, Supply Chain, and R&D.
  • Interdepartmental Collaboration: Working closely with the product formulation team to scale up new products from pilot to full production runs and with the maintenance team to schedule preventative maintenance that minimizes downtime.

3. Compliance, Quality & Safety Oversight

  • Regulatory Compliance: Guaranteeing all manufacturing activities are performed in strict accordance with state cannabis regulations, including secure handling of materials and precise seed-to-sale tracking.
  • Quality and Cleanliness: Enforcing cGMP standards across the facility. This includes managing sanitation schedules, ensuring proper gowning procedures, and overseeing the completion of all batch production records with 100% accuracy.
  • Workplace Safety: Implementing and enforcing all safety protocols, particularly concerning the handling of processing solvents like ethanol and the operation of high-speed automated machinery.
Warning: Incomplete or inaccurate Batch Production Records (BPRs) are a primary reason for product quarantine by the Quality Assurance department and can lead to significant compliance violations during a state audit.

Strategic Impact Analysis

The Operations Manager directly influences key business performance metrics through the following mechanisms:

Impact Area Strategic Influence
Cash Improves cash flow by minimizing the amount of capital tied up in work-in-process inventory and reducing material waste during production.
Profits Directly increases profit margins by improving labor efficiency, increasing manufacturing throughput, and lowering the overall cost of goods sold.
Assets Maximizes the return on capital-intensive manufacturing equipment by increasing uptime and OEE through effective maintenance collaboration and operational planning.
Growth Enables business expansion by creating scalable and repeatable production systems that can support higher volumes and new product introductions without sacrificing quality.
People Builds a skilled and motivated workforce through effective coaching, clear goal setting, and the development of structured training programs, leading to lower employee turnover.
Products Guarantees product consistency in dose, quality, and appearance from batch to batch, which is fundamental to building consumer trust and brand loyalty.
Legal Exposure Minimizes legal risk by ensuring all production activities and documentation are audit-proof, preventing costly product recalls or license violations.
Compliance Maintains the facility’s license to operate by enforcing strict adherence to all state-mandated production, inventory control, and tracking protocols.
Regulatory Acts as the operational lead for implementing changes on the manufacturing floor in response to new or updated state regulations concerning product safety or labeling.
Info: Operational excellence is a key differentiator in the competitive cannabis market. The ability to produce high-quality products efficiently and at scale is crucial for long-term success.

Chain of Command & Key Stakeholders

Reports To: This position typically reports to the Director of Manufacturing or the Vice President of Operations.

Similar Roles: In other regulated industries like food and beverage or pharmaceuticals, this role is analogous to a Production Manager, Manufacturing Manager, or Plant Supervisor. These titles reflect the core responsibilities of managing production teams, optimizing processes, and ensuring product quality and output targets are met within a structured, compliance-driven environment.

Works Closely With: This role requires deep collaboration with the Quality Assurance Manager, Supply Chain Manager, Head of Extraction, and the Director of Product Formulation/R&D.

Note: Strong collaborative relationships, especially with the Quality Assurance team, are critical. Operations and Quality must function as partners to ensure both efficiency and compliance are achieved.

Technology, Tools & Systems

Mastery of specific technologies is essential for managing a modern cannabis manufacturing facility:

  • Seed-to-Sale (S2S) Software: Daily, hands-on use of state-mandated tracking systems (e.g., METRC, BioTrackTHC, Leaf Logix) to maintain a complete chain of custody for all cannabis materials.
  • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems: Utilizing platforms (e.g., SAP, NetSuite, Canix) to manage inventory, plan production runs, create bills of materials (BOMs), and track manufacturing costs.
  • Automated Manufacturing Equipment: Oversight of and proficiency with machinery such as automated vape cart fillers, edible depositors, tincture bottling lines, and robotic packaging systems.
  • Quality Management Systems (QMS): Interacting with digital QMS platforms to review and approve SOPs, manage deviation reports, and track Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPAs).
Strategic Insight: Leveraging real-time data from ERP and manufacturing equipment allows an Operations Manager to move from reactive problem-solving to proactive process optimization, anticipating bottlenecks before they occur.

The Ideal Candidate Profile

Transferable Skills

Professionals with experience in other regulated manufacturing environments are exceptionally well-suited for this role:

  • Food & Beverage / CPG: Expertise in batch manufacturing, food safety protocols (HACCP), high-speed packaging, and supply chain logistics translates directly to cannabis-infused product manufacturing.
  • Pharmaceuticals / Nutraceuticals: A strong background in Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), meticulous batch record documentation, cleanroom protocols, and quality control is highly valuable.
  • Cosmetics Manufacturing: Experience with emulsion and formulation science, precise batching of ingredients, and managing complex product SKUs is very relevant to producing cannabis topicals and tinctures.
  • Industrial Chemical Processing: Knowledge of safe solvent handling, process scaling, and equipment maintenance from the chemical industry provides a strong foundation for managing aspects of post-extraction refinement.

Critical Competencies

The role demands specific professional attributes:

  • Process-Driven Leadership: The ability to lead and develop teams by establishing clear processes, setting achievable goals, and providing consistent coaching and feedback.
  • Data-Driven Decision Making: The capacity to analyze production metrics, identify trends, and use quantitative data to justify process improvements and strategic decisions.
  • Resilience Under Pressure: The aptitude to manage priorities effectively in a dynamic, high-growth environment, solving problems calmly and systematically when challenges like equipment failures or supply shortages arise.
Note: While prior cannabis industry experience is a plus, a proven track record of operational excellence in a comparable regulated manufacturing industry is the most critical qualification.

Top 3 Influential Entities for the Role

These organizations create the frameworks and standards that directly shape the responsibilities of this role:

  • State Cannabis Regulatory Agency: (e.g., California's Department of Cannabis Control, Florida's Office of Medical Marijuana Use). This is the most important entity. Their rules dictate everything from product testing requirements and labeling to waste disposal and facility security. The Operations Manager must be an expert in their state's specific code.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Although the FDA does not currently regulate state cannabis programs, its standards for current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) outlined in 21 CFR Parts 210/211 (for pharmaceuticals) and Part 111 (for dietary supplements) are the gold standard. Leading cannabis companies adopt these principles to ensure product safety and prepare for future federal oversight.
  • ASTM International Committee D37 on Cannabis: This voluntary standards body develops consensus-based standards for the cannabis industry. Their guides on topics like laboratory testing, consumer product quality, and packaging provide a critical benchmark for best practices that go beyond minimum state requirements.
Info: Proactively operating to cGMP and ASTM standards positions a company as a quality leader and significantly simplifies the process of expanding into new, more stringently regulated markets.

Acronyms & Terminology

Acronym/Term Definition
BOM Bill of Materials. A comprehensive list of raw materials, components, and assemblies required to manufacture a product.
BPR Batch Production Record. The complete set of documents that provides the history of a single manufactured batch, from raw material to finished product.
CAPA Corrective and Preventive Action. A systematic process to investigate and resolve deviations, non-conformances, or other undesirable situations to prevent recurrence.
cGMP current Good Manufacturing Practices. A system of regulations and guidelines enforced by the FDA to ensure that products are consistently produced and controlled according to quality standards.
COA Certificate of Analysis. A document issued by a third-party laboratory that confirms a product meets its required specifications for potency and purity.
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning. Integrated management software that tracks business resources—cash, raw materials, production capacity—and the status of commitments.
KPI Key Performance Indicator. A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving key business objectives.
OEE Overall Equipment Effectiveness. A metric that measures manufacturing productivity by combining three factors: availability, performance, and quality.
QA/QC Quality Assurance / Quality Control. QA focuses on preventing defects by managing the process, while QC focuses on identifying defects in finished products.
S2S Seed-to-Sale. The process of tracking the entire lifecycle of a cannabis product, from its cultivation origins to its final sale to a consumer, mandated by state regulations.
SKU Stock Keeping Unit. A unique code that identifies a specific product, including its type, size, and flavor variant.
SOP Standard Operating Procedure. A set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations safely and consistently.

Disclaimer

This article and the content within this knowledge base are provided for informational and educational purposes only. They do not constitute business, financial, legal, or other professional advice. Regulations and business circumstances vary widely. You should consult with a qualified professional (e.g., attorney, accountant, specialized consultant) who is familiar with your specific situation and jurisdiction before making business decisions or taking action based on this content. The site, platform, and authors accept no liability for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided herein. Videos, links, downloads or other materials shown or referenced are not endorsements of any product, process, procedure or entity. Perform your own research and due diligence at all times in regards to federal, state and local laws, safety and health services.

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